Which statement best describes interventions to reduce fall risk in older adults?

• A. Vision correction, home safety assessment.
• B. Medication review and deprescribing, vision correction, home safety assessment, exercise programs to improve balance, manage orthostatic hypotension, and address gait issues.
• C. Exercise programs only.
• D. Home safety assessment only.

Answer: (B)

Falls in older adults typically arise from a mix of factors, so the most effective prevention blends multiple strategies that address different modifiable risks at once. Correcting vision helps with depth perception and reduces missteps; a home safety assessment removes hazards and improves lighting and layout to prevent trips and slips; reviewing and deprescribing medications minimizes dizziness, sedation, and blood pressure fluctuations that can lead to instability; exercise programs build strength, balance, and gait control to improve stability; and addressing orthostatic hypotension and gait issues tackles specific causes of dizziness and unsteadiness on movement. Together, these components target sensory, environmental, medication-related, neuromuscular, and autonomic contributors to falls, yielding better protection than any single intervention. The other options are narrower and miss important interacting factors, so they don’t comprehensively reduce fall risk.